2/26/2023 0 Comments Tribal india by nadeem hussain pdf![]() ![]() Despite such legislations, however, the real conditions of bonded labourers remain the same. Pakistan has also ratified ILO Convention 29 on bonded labour. ![]() According to the Constitution of Pakistan, debt bondage is prohibited by the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act 1992. ![]() In Pakistan, bonded labour is widespread in agriculture, brick kiln work, tanning, and carpet industries. Caste obligation compels members of certain communities, such as the Dalits, to perform particularly undesirable types of public work, such as removing dead animals from public areas of the villages in which they live ( Breman, 2003 ). In South Asia, especially in India, bonded labour also includes other forms of forced labour practices such as “begaar” 1 and labour accrued through “caste obligation” ( Breman, 2003 ). Bonded labour or debt bondage is probably the least known form of slavery today, and yet it is the most widely used method of enslaving people ( Anti-Slavery International, 1996 ). ![]() 1 ).Īrticle 7(b) of the Supplementary Convention characterises debt bondage as a “servile status” and obliges state parties to implement national provisions to abolish it ( ILO, 1956: p. “the status or condition arising from a pledge by a debtor of his personal services or those of a person under his control as security for a debt, if the value of those services as reasonably assessed is not applied towards the liquidation of the debt or the length and nature of those services are not respectively limited and defined” ( ILO, 1956: p. The ILO Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices similar to Slavery (1956) defines debt bondage as: However, others have used the term “bonded labour” interchangeably with “debt bondage”. 12) claims that, “there is considerable confusion over the term “bonded” labour and for this reason, perhaps, there is almost no empirical evidence to support the claims of the nature and extent of what is called “bonded labour”. Confined to their vicious routine of life trapped in bondage their stories represent a period of history that is reminiscent of medievalism or slavery. They live under various forms of surveillance (at times through armed guards). Quite often bonded labourers are subjected to physical and sexual violence. A person is enslaved as a bonded labourer due to debt bondage when his or her labour is acquired as a way of paying a certain loan. Bonded labour is a modern form of slavery. ![]()
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